Makhana from Bihar reaches the U.S. market
New Delhi : Due to the sustained efforts of the Bihar government, the production of Makhana (fox nuts) has seen remarkable growth over the past decade. The area under cultivation has more than doubled, and for the first time, Makhana produced in Bihar has been exported to the United States by Sudha, facilitated by the Agriculture Department and COMFED.
In 2012, Makhana cultivation in Bihar was limited to around 13,000 hectares. Under the Chief Minister Horticulture Mission, a dedicated expansion program was launched, increasing the cultivated area to 35,224 hectares. The introduction of high-quality Makhana seed varieties under the Makhana Development Scheme has led to a significant boost in productivity. Currently, around 25,000 farmers are engaged in Makhana farming across the state.
Notably, on August 20, 2022, Makhana received Geographical Indication (GI) Tag under the name “Mithila Makhana”, further strengthening its identity and market reach.
Government Support Fuels Growth
The Makhana Development Scheme was launched in 2019–20, promoting improved varieties like Swarn Vaidehi, developed by the Makhana Research Centre in Darbhanga, and Sabour Makhana-1, developed at Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College. These varieties have been introduced through field demonstrations.
The scheme has been extended to 10 key districts, offering support to farmers in the form of grants for storage infrastructure, promotional Makhana festivals within and outside Bihar, and other financial assistance to boost production and marketability.
Makhana Cultivation in 10 Core Districts, Now Expanding to 16
Makhana is primarily cultivated in Darbhanga, Madhubani, Katihar, Araria, Purnia, Kishanganj, Supaul, Madhepura, Saharsa, and Khagaria. To meet the growing global demand, cultivation is now being expanded to 16 districts. Bihar currently contributes to approximately 85% of India’s total Makhana production.
Revenue Surges by 4.57 Times
Before 2005, revenue from fishery/Makhana water leases stood at ₹3.83 crore. By 2023–24, this has surged to ₹17.52 crore, marking a 4.57-fold increase. In light of the rising global demand, the government is now establishing a Makhana Development Board to promote holistic growth. This board will oversee the expansion of cultivation, mechanization, processing, marketing, and export strategies.
From Local Ponds to Global Plates—Bihar's Makhana is now a symbol of quality, sustainability, and global potential.
